home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- KING LEAR
-
- Synopsis
-
- King Lear is the most complicated of all ShakespeareÆs plays. There
- are two plots ù the main one concerning the King and his three
- daughters; and the sub-plot of Gloucester and his two sons. The plots
- are intricately interwoven with each other, as the characters from
- GloucesterÆs sub-plot become involved with those in the KingÆs main
- action. At the end of the play, the two plots are finally resolved
- together.
- King Lear has planned to divide his kingdom between his three
- daughters, but when the youngest, Cordelia, incurs his displeasure he
- casts her off and gives her share of the land to her sisters ù on whom
- he soon becomes totally dependent. They are greedy and selfish, and
- eventually dispossess their father entirely. They turn him out of doors
- into a wild and stormy night with only his Fool and a devoted servant,
- Kent, as companions. But Gloucester follows them, and leads the
- King to find shelter in a deserted ôhovelö.
- Gloucester has griefs of his own: early in the play we saw how
- his younger son, Edmond, deceived him into thinking that Edgar, his
- elder son, was plotting against his fatherÆs life. A search warrant was
- issued against Edgar who, to avoid arrest, disguised himself as ôPoor
- Tomö, a crazy beggar. He, too, has taken refuge from the storm, and
- in the ôhovelö the King and the Fool encounter the madman.
- GloucesterÆs other son, meanwhile, has been worming his way
- into the favour of King LearÆs elder daughters, Goneril and Regan,
- and their husbands, the Dukes of Albany and Cornwall. These are
- now rulers of the kingdom ù and Edmond is ambitious! He betrays
- his father by revealing the help that Gloucester has given to the
- outcast Lear, and he is rewarded for this with the title ôEarl of
- Gloucesterö, which has been stripped from his father.
- The Dukes of Albany and Cornwall begin to quarrel, each
- wanting the otherÆs share of LearÆs kingdom. They unite only to face
- a threatened invasion from France ù whose troops are led by LearÆs
- youngest daughter. Cordelia is now married to the King of France,
- and she is coming to rescue her father and restore him to his throne.
- But by this time LearÆs sufferings have driven him mad. He is
- led to a place of safety by the old Earl of Gloucester, and for some
- time withdraws from the action. Gloucester, however, is arrested and
- charged, on the evidence of his son, with aiding and abetting a known
- traitor ù King Lear. The Duke of Cornwall tears out GloucesterÆs
- eyes, and the blind old man, expelled from his castle, is put into the
- care of ôPoor Tomö ù who is actually, of course, the loving son (i.e.
- Edgar) whom Gloucester had once rejected and outlawed. Edgar leads
- his father towards Dover, where he plans to take his own life.
- Cornwall dies, wounded by one of his own servants who was
- outraged by his cruelty.
- LearÆs elder daughters have both fallen in love with Edmond,
- and are jealous of each other. Regan is now a widow, and Goneril has
- begun to despise her husband, Albany, who is horrified by the way
- that the two sisters have treated their father. Cordelia arrives in
- England and finds her father. She asks for the DoctorÆs help to cure
- his madness, and prepares to do battle with the armies of her sisters.
- Edgar leads his father in the direction of Dover, but frustrates
- his suicide attempt; he then saves his fatherÆs life for a second time
- when GonerilÆs messenger, Oswald, carrying a letter from Goneril to
- Edmond, recognizes Gloucester and tries to kill him. Edgar kills
- Oswald, and reads the letter he is carrying. From this, Edgar learns
- that Goneril wants Edmond to kill her husband so that she and
- Edmond can be married. Edgar gives the letter to Albany.
- Lear recovers from his madness sufficiently to recognize
- Cordelia, but their joy at their reunion is shortlived. The battle is
- fought between the invading French forces (who are fighting for the
- rights of Cordelia and her father) and the English armies, defending
- the kingdom of Goneril and Regan. The French army is defeated;
- Cordelia and Lear are taken to prison. Edmond arranges for Cordelia
- to be murdered.
- Albany denounces Edmond, and Edgar (in another disguise)
- challenges his brother to a duel. Edmond is fatally wounded, but
- before he dies he learns of his fatherÆs death and of the deaths of
- Goneril and Regan (Goneril poisoned her sister, and then stabbed
- herself). Edmond makes a last-minute attempt to save CordeliaÆs life,
- but it is too late: she was hanged on the instructions he had given
- earlier. Lear carries in the body of his youngest daughter. His grief is
- extreme, and shortly he is dead too. Albany yields the kingdom to
- Edgar, who has the last words of the play.
-